linear | 10 nm fiber | 30 nm fiber model | 130 nm chromonema fiber model | metaphase chromosomes | |
compaction ratio | 1:1 | 1:6 | 1:40 | at least 1:160 (maybe 1:1000) | ~ 1:10 000 |
width | 2 nm | 10 nm | 30 nm | 130 nm | 600 nm per chromatid |
10 base pairs | 3.4 nm | ||||
100 bp | 34 nm | ||||
1 kb | 340 nm | 57 nm | |||
10 kb | 3,4 µm | 570 nm | 85 nm | 21 nm (if 1:160) | |
100 kb | 34 µm | 5.7 µm | 850 nm | 212 nm (if 1:160) | |
1 Mb | 340 µm = 0.34 mm | 57 µm | 8.5 µm | 2.125 µm (if 1:160) | 34 nm |
1 Gb | 340 mm = 0.34 m | 34 µm | |||
3 Gb (haploid human genome) | 1 m | 100 µm = 0.1 mm |
Volume of human genome packed in a cube (no proteins, naked DNA): 6.9 µm³
A nucleosome core particle (without H1) binds 146 base pairs. The linker DNA between nucleosomes is 0-80 base pairs. On average there is one nucleosome per 200 bp. The size of the nucleosome is 10-11 nm wide, 6 nm high. It leads to a DNA-package ratio of about 1:6
An IgG antibody is roughly (!) 10 nm long. The weight is about 150 kDa (this
value comes from here)
. More on antibodies
here
or here
.
Haploid genome sizes
size | haploid chromosome count | |
E. coli | 4.7 Mb | 1 |
S. cerevisiae | 14 Mb | 16 |
C. elegans | 100 Mb | 11 or 12 |
D. melanogaster | 170 Mb | 4 |
Gallus domesticus (chicken) | 1.2 Gb | 39 |
H. sapiens, Mus musculus, Xenopus laevis | 3 Gb | 23, 20 and 18 |
individual human chromosomes, each | 50 - 250 Mb |